Firewall Techniques

There are several types of firewall techniques:

1. Packet filter: Looks at each packet entering or leaving the network and accepts or rejects it based on user-defined rules. Packet filtering is fairly effective and transparent to users, but it is difficult to configure. In addition, it is susceptible to IP Spoofing.  
2. Application gateway: Applies Security mechanisms to specific applications, such as FTP and Telnet servers. This is very effective, but can impose a performance degradation.
3. Circuit-level gateway: Applies security mechanisms when a TCP or UDP connection is established. Once the connection has been made, packets can flow between the hosts without further checking.
4. Proxy server: Intercepts all messages entering and leaving the network. The Proxy server  effectively hides the true network addresses.
   In practice , many firewalls use two or more of these techniques in concert.
   A firewall is considered a first line of defence in protecting private information. For greater security, data can be encrypted.
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